“Common-Unity” is a rehabilitation project of the community public space in the San Pablo Xalpa Housing Unit in Azcapotzalco, Mexico City. The unit was divided by walls, fences and barriers that the inhabitants had built over time try to overcome insecurity. This did not allow for a free use of the community public space available and led to more safety issues. The main architect’s objective was to transform a “sectored housing unit” into a “Common-Unity”, designing with the community and not only for it, based on democratic processes. They removed the vertical borders replacing them with horizontal boundaries made of metal structure roofs without permanent walls.

Nordhavn is a multi-phase urban transformation project in Copenhagen, Denmark. The redevelopment of this smart city neighbourhood began in the early 2000s and is an ongoing process that has aimed to create a sustainable and integrated urban environment. Historically, it was originally an industrial harbour area, serving as a hub for shipping and trade. But as activities shifted, there was an opportunity to redevelop the area for a more modern and sustainable purpose. The redevelopment has been divided into several phases, each focusing on different aspects of the neighbourhood, including residential, commercial, transportation, and public spaces. These phases have been implemented over time to ensure that the development aligns with sustainability goals, community needs, and changing urban planning standards.

The Chilean government approached ELEMENTAL with the brief of designing affordable social housing on a site historically used for dense informal and illegal housing. The project responds to the Chilean government’s social housing project “Vivienda Social Dinámica sin Deuda (Dynamic Social Housing Without Debt), the goal was to create social housing which increases in value over time, therefore combatting poverty.

This lecture gives a brief overview of the climate emergency and how we got here, how it relates to architecture and what a radical sustainable transition means. In 2022, the IPCC report stated that Architecture and planning is lagging behind all other sectors in climate action. Urgent action is needed before 2030 – the long lifespan of buildings / urban and land-use policies ‘lock in’ emissions and polluting development and behaviours for decades. Technology alone will not be enough: you need to go from exploitative values, mindsets and practices to new restorative values and be part of creating a new culture that rethinks what we do and the way we work. We have a collective responsibility to protect our planet and architecture - you are part of the solution, and no longer be part of the problem!

Here the ugliness of unsustainability is discussed and framed through the lens of a cognitive approach to beauty and how, in doing so, we cannot frame our architecture as beautiful when it is based on extractive and exploitative processes. After all, there is no life, no architecture, no ‘beauty’ in a 4C° world. Nothing less than a radical change of our values, culture and practices in architecture (and society) is required to avoid 4°C warming. It takes us outside our comfort zone because we need to change how we design spaces and places. But our architecture cannot be exploitative or permitted to transgress other’s rights (human and non-human). To do this, we as architects need new values and a new, restorative aesthetic that ‘de-centres’ ourselves as architects and centres the planet, other people, other communities and non-humans in our design process and decision-making.

This lecture unfolds more specifically the impact of the built environment on the climate and gives a brief overview of the most important international and EU policies, and voluntary actions and standards and obstacles to their implementation. Each building that is not transformed or constructed to high standards will ‘lock in’ high CO2 emissions for the next decades and will require expensive and disruptive low carbon retrofits in the near future. Hence you need to be ambitious and go beyond minimum regulatory standards to respond to the urgency of the climate crisis. We do not only need high standards in CO2 reductions, but similarly ambitious and high standards in all other aspects of sustainability, i.e. a holistic and restorative sustainable architecture approach. Carbon savings must be achieved for real, not just on paper. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) and feedback processes are crucial.

We often focus on prestigious one-off buildings, but it is the everyday architecture such as housing that is crucial in designing for a more sustainable world, and tackling the climate emergency. This is because people spend a lot of their time in their homes, and significant energy is required to use the spaces. Living also does not take part in the dwelling alone, but takes place in the housing block and in the neighbourhood, i.e. in the wider living environment. And as such we must consider these interconnected scales to ’lock in’ sustainable and healthy lifestyles with reduced impacts on the planet. This is why designing, and getting the ‘everyday living environment’ right, matters. And this must be inclusive and accessible to all.

There are 10 climate emergency design themes around which the ARCH4CHANGE content is structured. These 10 themes reflect the different aspects to be considered in holistic sustainable architecture approaches. In practice, all of these themes must be met to high standards to create truly sustainable architecture in reality. However, as a student you do not need to know all the 10 themes in-depth from year 1. Instead, future and global responsibility, environment and people and community themes should always be included in each design project in each year of study. Each year, each student then works progressively towards including additional themes until all ten are included in your design project by the end of the studies

The 5 step iterative process and 10 climate emergency design themes will help you in the design-decision making process and in justification of your approach. To centre sustainability at the start of your project and refine it throughout you need to undertake integrated design and iterative design processes. Exploring your project’s context helps to make design decisions based on knowledge (Step 1) and helps to define project values and your climate emergency design approach (Step 2). This then sets a good foundation for imagining and testing (Steps 3, 4), and refining your architecture approach based on feedback loops (Step 5). Make sure you communicate your values and climate emergency design approach clearly and explicitly – this helps in the testing and feedback phase

Adaptability ensures that infrastructures keep meeting an individual’s, community’s and society’s changing needs over time, but also includes adapting to a changing climate. Adaptability ensures longevity: it reduces risk of premature building obsolesce and demolition when they no longer meet our needs (because they can be adapted) – this is part of circular thinking and climate change mitigation and adaptation approaches. Adaptability reduces transient communities and supports stability, diversity and community cohesion, this is also part of creating inclusive and equitable infrastructures and long-term resilience. As such your project should put adaptability at its core, at micro, meso and macro-scale. A key aspect of this is the creation of different scenarios and personas over time (e.g., scenarios of possible functions, changing climate, modes of use, etc.) and reflect this in at least one alternative layout (i.e. design) scenario for your project. Ensure that your project also enables future adaptability at different scales.

Designing inclusive infrastructures is an essential part of climate emergency design and is an iterative process that you need to see through all stages of your project design (i.e. explore, define, imagine, test and feedback). Inclusive infrastructures means that inhabitants are part of the design and decision-making process through democratic processes. It also means that spaces can be used and accessed by as many people as possible regardless of age, gender and ability, i.e. they are accommodating and welcoming all. A solution can’t be resilient by itself. It is only resilient when it is adopted and taken ownership of by the community and this is best done through inclusive bottom-up approaches. There are many ways you can include democratic processes and inclusive design in your project, even as a student. For example, you can create a ‘Democratic Design plan’; this helps you to Identify your users (human and non-human), acknowledge and involve your users and to create design approaches that care for your users (including nature & non-humans).

Social infrastructure encourages the connection and coming together of people and this includes formal and informal public & private spaces and places that provide opportunities for people to interact with each other in their everyday lives. Social infrastructures supports the building of social capital in the community; this in turn reduces conflict and increases trust, care, connection and feelings of safety. This helps to build individual and community resilience and health and well-being. In your project, always consider what kind of spaces can bring people together from different walks of life and how you can create links with the existing communities. Be careful to impact the existing social spheres positively and not negatively i.e. restorative actions. Ensure that the social infrastructure you suggest answers to the needs of people and are adaptable to their changing needs in the future, otherwise they will not meet needs and remain unused – so undertake inclusive and democratic processes. Always prioritise inclusion of social infrastructure in each and every project, including retrofitting of social infrastructure as the societal, community and individual benefits are significant.

Green infrastructure is the network of natural green spaces and landscapes within and around urban environments, such as food-growing areas, wetlands, forests, parks and wildlife gardens. Green infrastructure supports biodiversity, enhances ecosystem health, absorbs CO2 and manages adaptations to a changing climate (e.g. flood prevention and overheating). Co-benefits are supporting social activity and human well-being. Your project must tread lightly: after all, placing a new structure is hugely disruptive, as the developed land will have lost its existing ecological value forever. Your choice of site is therefore vital and value and protect existing natural habitats and leave the place better than it was before (i.e. retorative action). To do that, create a green infrastructure plan for your project that identifies and creates a map of the potential impact of your design on existing green infrastructure and on stakeholders and propose remedial measures to ensure a restorative approach. Distribute green spaces of different scales and diversity throughout the city within short walking distances and connect wildlife habitats through parks with green corridors and pedestrian spaces. Prioritise views of nature and trees, integrating generous physical access to different kinds and scales of nature for human and non-humans.

Description Blue infrastructures are natural and human-made water systems at different scales. Integrating blue infrastructure at different scales in your project has multiple benefits, for example for biodiversity, the urban micro climate, reduced water consumption, and they can act as social infrastructure and for climate adaptation. Working with water rather than against it can lead to restorative actions (e.g. by giving water space; recharging the ground water through permeable paving; enabling the thriving of other species).

In your project:

• Map natural and human-made water bodies and understand how your site is affected by water as a threat or an opportunity (e.g., rivers, sea) now and in the future.

• Use permeable landscape surfaces, include space for water retention systems that are also dual-purpose, i.e., spaces for leisure to act as social infrastructure and space for enhancing biodiversity (restorative actions) and that can store water in extreme weather events as part of climate change adaptation.

• To mitigate climate change at micro-scale, always consider efficient appliances as a priority. Then consider water recycling strategies that are low in energy use and embodied energy, e.g. simple rain water harvesting techniques.

Finally, sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDs) need to be combined at all scales: they all act together to mitigate and adapt to climate change and tackle the biodiversity crisis.

Designing for the climate emergency is not only about focusing on direct impacts (i.e., reducing energy use and CO2 emissions), but responding to its symptoms, (in)direct causes and often unequal consequences. As architects we also hold a significant responsibility towards the public in our work: we are designing the spatial frameworks in which people live their lives and participate in society. As an architect you have a moral obligation to make better decisions, even if you are not rewarded for doing so. This requires a commitment to continuous research, conscious decision-making, curiosity, and creativity to innovate and to challenge the often damaging and unfair status quo. It also requires an in-depth understanding of questions of fairness and justice related to one’s own work.

Your project should never contribute to tipping points and ecological or climate breakdown. Instead, use your design to identify how you can positively impact the planet and restore some of the previous damage done. This means redirecting current human-centric design approaches towards an inclusive, biodiverse, restorative future using the principles of radical inclusivity, biophilia and topophilia. We should strive towards an approachable architecture that can be used by different living-beings in different (adaptable) ways. Following these principles steers us towards more ethical professional practices that support planetary health, instead of damaging it.

An outdoor market organised around an ancestral tree that has become a public space. The project design references the area’s traditional market architecture of adobe posts and reed roofs, pushing the typology forward using compressed earth bricks and metal for durability. It results in an infrastructure that is visually appealing that the users can be proud of, and that has the potential of consequently attracting more people and activities to the area. The design of the project is kept very simple, using a colourful recycled metal canopy produced through a succession of individual shading structures that compensate for the difficulty in growing trees in such an arid, desert climate.